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Damage to Iran's Nuclear Program - Can It Rebuild?

(Center for Strategic and International Studies) Joseph Rodgers et al. - Recent satellite imagery allows us to have a more realistic picture of the extent of the damage to Iran's nuclear facilities from the Israeli and U.S. strikes. It also provides insights into Iran's initial efforts to rebuild its nuclear program and can help identify potential pathways for developing a covert nuclear weapons program. We determined that the U.S. and Israeli strikes inflicted significant damage on Iran's nuclear program by destroying key infrastructure and human capital. Israel's broader campaign against Iran also targeted military leaders, Iranian missiles, and defense industrial base targets. The precision of these operations revealed a deep penetration of intelligence, particularly by Mossad, into Iran's nuclear program. The strikes did not, however, completely eliminate the nuclear program, such as Pickaxe Mountain, where activity continues, and the underground facility near Isfahan, which could be the third enrichment site. The status of Iran's highly enriched uranium (HEU) remains unknown. The strikes imposed significant damage to Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, and essentially brought operations to a halt. There are no significant signs of the resumption of enrichment activity at the main sites.
2025-08-07 00:00:00
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