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The New Hama Rules
(New York Times) Thomas L. Friedman - Hama Rules were the prevailing leadership rules in the Arab world. They said: Rule by fear. It worked for a long time in Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, etc., until it didn't. Today, Syria's president, Bashar al-Assad, Hafez's son, is now repeating his father's mass murdering tactics to quash the new Syrian uprising, again centered in Hama. But, this time, the Syrian people are answering with their own Hama Rules, which are quite remarkable. They say: "We are not afraid anymore." Once these regimes are shucked off, can the different Arab communities come together as citizens and write social contracts for how to live together without iron-fisted dictators? I think the former foreign minister of Jordan, Marwan Muasher, has the right attitude. "One cannot expect this to be a linear process or to be done overnight," he said to me. "There were no real political parties, no civil society institutions ready to take over in any of these countries. I do not like to call this the 'Arab Spring.' I prefer to call it the 'Arab Awakening,' and it is going to play out over the next 10 to 15 years before it settles down. We are going to see all four seasons multiple times. These people are experiencing democracy for the first time. They are going to make mistakes on the political and economic fronts. But I remain optimistic in the long run, because people have stopped feeling powerless."