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Source: https://www.iiss.org/publications/strategic-dossiers
Report: Iran's Networks of Influence in the Middle East
(International Institute for Strategic Studies-UK) Iran has developed a capability to conduct warfare in battlefields across the Middle East through third parties. In recent and ongoing conflicts, this effective force has given Iran a strategic advantage over adversaries reliant on conventional capabilities. Its deployment has encountered no effective international response but has consistently delivered Iran advantage without the cost or risk of direct confrontation with adversaries. It has become Iran's weapon of choice. When involved in conflict, Iran calibrates the level and tailors the style of its involvement in such a way as to avoid escalation that could endanger the regime. It has maintained plausible deniability while providing an enduring platform for influence.